XYZ-Carve Instructions / steps / Wiring Connections, Tuning and Driver Install.
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Wiring Connections, Tuning and Driver Install.

Notes Before you start:

  • For GRBL V1.I & Higher - please see this page instead. - Version Number Noted on Card
  • Ensure wires are run through cable glands into enclosure before terminating to green plugs! They wont fit though after the plug is installed.
  • Strip only enough insulation of the wires to insert into the green screw terminal plugs
    • There should not be any copper visible/protruding out of the screw terminal
    • Similarly there should not be any insulation inserted into the screw terminal!
  • Take note that the Y motor has a slightly different wire colour order than the other 3 motors.
  • You may find that some of these steps have already been completed for you, such as dip switch settings and jumpers installed or fuse installed.

The information below and leading up to Step 1 does not require your attention or action, its informative only. Skip to Step 1

Identifying GRBL AIO Components.

Main.


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  1. Fuse - 5x20mm - Suggested 7 to 10 A 5mm Diameter x 20mm Length.  This fuse acts on the 12-36V motor power circuit.  
  2. 12-36V DC power in.
  3. X Motor output
  4. Y Motor output
  5. Z Motor output
  6. A Motor output
  7. A Micro step M0 / M1 / M2, On On Off.
  8. Z Micro step M0 / M1 / M2, On Off Off.
  9. Y Micro step M0 / M1 / M2, On On Off
  10. X Micro step M0 / M1 / M2, On On Off
  11. Fan Connector, note voltage selector on JP8
  12. Spindle control output - unused on XYZ Carve
  13. Limit Switch Inputs, - The A limit pin is unused.
  14. External driver outputs - not used
  15. USB IO - you guessed it, stick the USB cable in here.
  16. CNC Control (Probe / Resume /Feed Hold / Estop)
  17. Coolant Control - not used
  18. Fault Logic - not used.
  19. Mounting screw holes
  20. A Direction, will be duplicated from either X, Y, Or Z - we use Y!
  21. A Steps, will be duplicated from either X, Y, Or Z - we use Y!


Jumpers.


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  • JP1 - Must be jumpered/closed. Z Limit Switch Filter Circuit.
  • JP3 - Ignore
  • JP4 - X Fault monitoring - generally jumpered/closed
  • JP5 - X Fault monitoring - generally jumpered/closed
  • JP6 - X Fault monitoring - generally jumpered/closed
  • JP7 - X Fault monitoring - generally jumpered/closed
  • JP8 - Fan power, Jumper across centre and 12V pin when using a 12V fan, across centre and Vmot for fans with save voltage as power supply used (24v)
  • P8 - Not used yet
  • ICSP - In circuit system programming header (for boot loading etc)

Driver current setting pots


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  1. X Driver current limiting trim pot
  2. Y Driver current limiting trim pot
  3. Z Driver current limiting trim pot
  4. A Driver current limiting trim pot

These pots reduce current output of drivers when turned clockwise.



Dip Switch Settings


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  • 10: X Microstep M0 / M1 / M2, Generally On On Off, Setting the driver to 1/8th microstepping (8 Microsteps per step pulse received)
  • 9:  Y Microstep M0 / M1 / M2, Generally On On Off, Setting the driver to 1/8th microstepping (8 Microsteps per step pulse received)
  • 8:  Z Microstep M0 / M1 / M2, Generally On Off Off, Setting the driver to 1/2th microstepping (2 Microsteps per step pulse received)
To Being GRBL AIO Setup, remove the enclosure cover if installed.

Step 1: Install Jumper Caps in appropriate positions:

  • Install Jumper Caps in positions marked:
    • JP1 - this can be obscured by one of the 5 pin green plugs if installed.
    • JP4
    • JP5
    • JP6
    • JP7

  • Click image to enlarge.

  • Install Jumper in correct position of JP8 matching the voltage of the supplied fan. The sticker on the inside of the fan will suggest if it is a 12 or 24V fan. If marked 12v, install jumper cap across centre pin and that marked 12V, if 24v then jumper cap across centre pin and that marked Vmot (this is the same voltage as the power supply, in our case 24V). Only in rare cases are the supplied fans other than 12V.

  • Click image to enlarge.


Step 2: Install Heat Sinks & Fuse:

Each of the main 4 chips on the AIO card requires a heatsink to be stuck to the chip to assist in cooling. The heatsinks have a thermal double sided tape, remove the paper backing and stick one heat sink to each chip as shown.

For best heat dissipation, orient blades of heat sink parallel with air flow through the enclosure.


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Place supplied fuse into the fuse holder and install fuse cover.


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Step 3: Set Dip switches:

Each set of 3 dip switches has switches marked 1, 2 & 3 on the switch. Flip dip switches as follows and shown in diagram, taking note of AIO board orientation.
  1. X Driver Micro Step dip switches - 1=On, 2=On, 3=Off
  2. Y Driver Micro Step dip switches - 1=On, 2=On, 3=Off
  3. Z Driver Micro Step dip switches - 1=On,2=Off, 3=Off
  4. A Driver Micro Step dip switches - 1=On, 2=On, 3=Off
  5. A Driver Step Selector - 1=Off, 2=On, 3=Off
  6. A Driver Direction selector - 1=Off, 2=On, 3=Off
  7. Fault Dip switch selector - 1=Off, 2=Off, 3=Off

Click image to enlarge.

Step 4: Preset Current Limiting Resistors

There are four variable resistors / trim pots. One for each driver

Dial each clockwise all the way, careful they only turn 270 degrees, then turn back anti clockwise 1/4 of a turn only.
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Step 5: Bring Wires into enclosure

All wiring enters the rear of the enclosure through one of three cable glands

  • Power Supply through rear left PG9 gland
  • All Stepper & Limit Switch Cables through large centre gland.
  • USB through rear right gland - note PG7 gland already installed on the USB lead.

Trim all wires (other than USB!) to around 20cm in length from entry into the enclosure.

Keep some of the limit switch or stepper wire offcuts for next steps.


Click image to enlarge.

Step 6: Terminate Estop, Feed Hold and Resume Circuits

The estop has two circuits. The Green side is normally open, the orange normally closed. We will use the NO configuration for all our switches (Estop, Feed Hold, Resume & and Limits)

Take two pieces of off-cut wire, black and red is good, terminate one into each side of the green circuit on the limit switch.

Take the black wire just inserted into the estop switch, combine it with the two black wires from the green and yellow Feed Hold and Resume switches, and insert them into pin five of one of the 5 pin green plugs.

Take the red wire from the green switch and terminate into pin three

Take the red wire from the yellow switch and terminate into pin two

Take the red wire from the Estop switch and terminate into pin one



Step 7: Identify, Terminate Limit Switches.

You will have 3 sets of 2 core cables that you have already connected to your limit switches

If you have not already labeled them with X Y & Z you will need to trace the wires back or use a multimeter to identify which wires are for which switch. It can be done later during the software setup if your not able to do so now.

  • Bare back the insulation on the limit switch wires. Select one of the two wires from each switch, twist them together and terminate into pin 1 of the remaining 1 pin plug.
  • Terminate the remaining wire from the X limit switch into green plug pin 2
  • Terminate the remaining wire from the Y limit switch into green plug pin 3
  • Terminate the remaining wire from the Z limit switch into green plug pin 4
  • Pin 5 remains unconnected

Click image to enlarge.

Step 8: Identify, Terminate and Label Stepper Motor Circuits

You will have 4 of sets stepper wires coming into your enclosure

Each Stepper has two pairs, these are generally Black + Green as pair one and Red + Blue as pair two, however due to availability, occasionally yellow or white is used instead of blue.

If you have not labeled each stepper motor yet, follow these steps for each motor, one at a time

  • Strip the insulation back on each wire so that approx 10mm of copper is showing
  • Twist together the green and black wires

    Click image to enlarge.
  • Making sure that no other wires are touching, attempt to move each axis of the machine and take notice which one seems to have more resistance when the green black wires are connected. The motor that is hard(er) to move corresponds to the set of wires that you have shorted green black.
  • Label this motor now, X direction is left right, Y direction is front back, Z direction is up down.
  • There are two Y motors on your gantry, one on each side. - one of these motors will be known going further as Y and the other A - does not matter which is which.

Now that each motor is identified, terminate each motor into its own green plug following the wiring colours shown below.
Remember not to get insulation stuck inside the terminal, and not to leave copper hanging out of the terminal where it might short out with another wire.

Note that the Green and Black wires on the A plug have been reversed when compared with the other 3!

Click image to enlarge.

Step 9: Terminate Power Supply

Connect the power supply wires to the 2 pin green plug as shown below.


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Its very important that the polarity is correct here!

Step 10: Connect all plugs to AIO

Plug 5 pin limit switch plug into the aio in the position shown below


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Plug In all four stepper 4 pin plugs, in the order shown below.


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Plug in Power and Fan plugs as shown below. Taking special note that the red wires are towards the edge of the circuit board! Some fans, 24V fans only, are instead supplied without white plugs on the end, in which case they can be wired directly in with the 24V power supply into the 2 pin green plug.


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Plug in USB Cable


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Plug in Front Panel Switch Plug


Click to enlarge You may now replace the enclosure cover. </div>


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